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Edition: November 2008
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The "McDonald" Coffee
Case
By: Wayne Walker
In
one of the most widely misreported and misunderstood cases in recent memory,
a Albuquerque, New Mexico jury awarded 79 year-old Stella Liebeck $2.9
million for severe burns suffered after she spilled a cup of McDonald's
coffee, which she had placed between her knees.
The jury's award was for $200,000 in compensatory damages and $2.7 million
for punitive damages (because of McDonald's callous conduct).
The jury also found Mrs. Liebeck 20% negligent, reducing the compensatory
damages to $160,000.
The trial judge also reduced the punitive damages to $480,000.
Mrs. Liebeck did not receive $2.9 million, or $2.86 million, or $740,000.
The parties entered a post-verdict settlement for a undisclosed amount.
(States have different legal standards with respect to negligence. New
Mexico uses a comparative negligence rule, which assigns blame and,
therefore, judgments proportionally.
Other states such as North Carolina use a contributory negligence standard,
which bars a plaintiff from recovery if their actions contributed even 1% to
the accident!)
The Facts of the Case
Mrs. Liebeck, while a passenger in her grandson's car, purchased a cup of
coffee at the drive-thru window at McDonalds. While the car was stopped, she
placed the cup securely between her knees and attempted to remove the lid.
The cup accidentally tipped over and poured the scalding (180-190?
Fahrenheit) hot water onto her lap. She suffered third-degree burns over 16
percent of her body.
During her eight day hospitalization she underwent skin grafting and painful
whirlpool treatment for debridement (removal of damaged tissue) of her
wounds. She has extensive scarring and was disabled for more than two years.
Despite these very painful and debilitating injuries and their expensive
medical treatment, Mrs. Liebeck offered to settle with McDonald's for
$20,000.
McDonald's refused to settle and the case went to trial.
Facts Presented at Trial
The jury heard the following evidence in the case:
• McDonalds's coffee sales are $1.3 million per day.
• By corporate specifications, McDonald's sells its coffee at 180 to 190
degrees Fahrenheit; Coffee at that temperature, if spilled, causes
third-degree burns (the skin is burned away down to the muscle/fatty-tissue
layer) in two to seven seconds; Third-degree burns do not heal without skin
grafting, debridement and whirlpool treatments that cost tens of thousands
of dollars and result in permanent disfigurement, extreme pain and
disability of the victim for many months, and in some cases, years;
• The chairman of the department of mechanical engineering and
bio-mechanical engineering at the University of Texas testified that this
risk of harm is unacceptable, as did a widely recognized expert on burns,
the editor in chief of the leading scholarly publication in the specialty,
the Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation;
• McDonald's admitted that it has known about the risk of serious burns from
its scalding hot coffee for more than 10 years -- the risk was brought to
its attention through numerous other claims and suits, to no avail;
• From 1982 to 1992, McDonald's coffee burned more than 700 people, many
receiving severe burns
to the genital area, perineum, inner thighs, and buttocks;
• Not only men and women, but also children and infants, have been burned by
McDonald's scalding hot coffee, in some instances due to inadvertent
spillage by McDonald's employees;
• At least one woman had coffee dropped in her lap through the service
window, causing third-degree burns to her inner thighs and other sensitive
areas, which resulted in disability for years;
• Witnesses for McDonald's admitted in court that consumers are unaware of
the extent of the risk of serious burns from spilled coffee served at
McDonald's required temperature;
• McDonald's admitted that it did not warn customers of the nature and
extent of this risk and could offer no explanation as to why it did not;
• McDonald's witnesses testified that it did not intend to turn down the
heat -- As one witness put it: "No, there is no current plan to change the
procedure that we're using in that regard right now;"
• McDonald's admitted that its coffee is "not fit for consumption" when sold
because it causes severe scalds if spilled or drunk;
• Liebeck's treating physician testified that her injury was one of the
worst scald burns he had ever seen.
• Moreover, the Shriner's Burn Institute in Cincinnati had published
warnings to the franchise food industry that its members were unnecessarily
causing serious scald burns by serving beverages above 130 degrees
Fahrenheit.
In refusing to grant a new trial in the case, Judge Robert Scott called
McDonald's behavior "callous." Moreover, "the day after the verdict, the
news media documented that coffee at the McDonald's in Albuquerque [where
Liebeck was burned] is now sold at 158 degrees.
This will cause third-degree burns in about 60 seconds, rather than in two
to seven seconds [so that], the margin of safety has been increased as a
direct consequence of this verdict."
Notice: This information is opinion and not intended to be legal advice.
Readers should not act on this information without seeking the advice of a
competent attorney.
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